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THE 


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B1EW  J  IS  IE  ^  31  Y 


OFFICERS. 


DIRECTORS. 

HON.  JAMES  S.  GREEN,  of  Princeton,  N.  J. 

ARCHER  GIFFORD,  Esq.,  “  Newark,  “ 

RICHARD  JONES,  Esq.,  “  Hanover,  “ 

JOSEPH  R.  LATOURETTE,  Esq.,  “  Jersey  City,  “ 
JOHN  F.  TRIPPE,  Esq.,  “  “  “  “ 

SAMUEL  T.  JONES,  Esq.,  “  New  York. 

CHARLES  J.  GILBERT,  Esq.,  “  “  “ 

JAMES  L.  CURTIS,  Esq.,.  “  “  “ 

AQUILLA  JONES,  Esq.,  “  “  “ 

PRESIDENT. 

SAMUEL  T.  JONES,  New  York. 

SECRETARY. 

CHARLES  GILBERT,  New  York. 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

SAMUEL  T.  JONES. 

JAMES  L.  CURTIS. 

CHARLES  J.  GILBERT. 


NEW  YORK: 

JAMES  D.  TORREY,  PRINTER,  18  SPRUCE  STREET. 


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NATIONAL  PAINT  COMPANY, 


OF 


NEW  JERSEY. 


The  Charter  of  this  Company  was  originally  granted 
by  the  Legislature  in  1841,  under  the  title  of  the  “  New 
Jersey  Zinc  and  Copper  Mining  and  Manufacturing  Com¬ 
pany,”  which  was  changed  by  supplement  on  the  fourth 
day  of  March,  1853,  to  that  of  the  “National  Paint  Com¬ 
pany,”  giving  authority  at  the  same  time  to  increase  the 
capital  stock  to  $1,200,000,  in  shares  of  twelve  and  a  half 
dollars  each. 

The  original  object  of  the  Company,  in  1841,  was 
mainly  to  make  metallic  zinc  from  the  mineral  called  the 
red  oxide  of  zinc,  of  which  it  was  believed  an  inexhausti¬ 
ble  supply  had  been  obtained  in  the  vicinity  of  Franklin 
Furnace,  in  Sussex  County,  N.  J.,  in  lands  adjoining  those 


4 


since  obtained  by  the  New  Jersey  Zinc  and  the  Passaic 
Zinc  Companies,  and  also  upon  some  valuable  leases 
further  up  the  valley  of  the  Walkill,  nearer  to  Sparta. 

This  Company  being  the  first,  and  pioneer  to  the  other 
Zinc  Companies  since  established  and  obtaining  ores  from 
the  same  region,  possessed  itself  of  several  highly  favored 
localities,  from  whence  ample  supplies,  both  of  zinc  and 
Franklinite,  can  be  obtained  with  great  facility,  and  it 
may  prove  interesting  to  dwell  a  little  upon  its  early  his- 
tory. 

At  that  early  period  in  the  now  important  and  increasing 
zinc  industry  of  the  United  States,  many  experiments  were 
tried  and  much  money  expended,  to  ascertain  some  prac¬ 
ticable  metiiod  of  smelting  this  peculiar  ore,  but  without 
any  very  decided  success. 

The  art  of  making  fire-clay  retorts  and  muffles  for  the 
distillation  of  the  metal,  embracing  a  knowledge  also  of 
the  best  kinds  of  fire-clay,  and  of  its  subsequent  manipu¬ 
lation,  so  as  to  insure  the  soundness  of  these  vessels,  in 
order  to  distil  and  retain  the  volatile  metallic  vapors 
under  a  white  heat  previous  to  their  subsequent  conden¬ 
sation,  and  at  which  high  temperature  it  is  necessary  to 
maintain  them  for  weeks  and  months  together,  involved  a 
degree  of  knowledge  and  practice  which  did  not  exist  in 


5 


this  country  at  that  time,  and  which  could  only  be  ob¬ 
tained  at  a  great  expenditure  of  time,  money,  and  perse¬ 
vering  investigation.  The  ore  found  at  these  mines  is 
largely  intermixed  with  iron  and  manganese,  and  differs 
widely  from  the  blend,  calamine,  and  sillicate  of  zinc  ex¬ 
clusively  worked  in  Europe,  and  it  has  not  indeed  been 
found  in  any  other  part  of  the  world.  It  therefore  required 
a  treatment  different  and  peculiar  to  itself,  and  which 
could  only  be  determined  by  patient  experiment  and  in¬ 
vestigation. 

After  these  difficult  and  preliminary  points  had  been 
investigated  and  matured,  another  and  as  yet  unforeseen 
difficulty  had  to  be  overcome.  At  the  zinc  works  abroad, 
the  fire-clay  vessels  of  distillation  are  heated  by  contact 
of  the  flame  only  of  wood  or  of  bituminous  coal,  and  it 
was  believed  by  the  foreign  workmen  at  length  obtained, 
that  anthracite  coal  could  not  be  made  to  answer.  The 
high  prices  of  wood  and  bituminous  coal  on  the  sea-board 
seemed  therefore  to  oppose  an  absolute  bar  to  success, 
so  far  as  profit  was  concerned,  and  the  experiments  were 
near  coming  to  a  final  issue  upon  this  ground.  The  at¬ 
tention  of  the  party  having  charge  of  the  experiments 
was  not  however  to  be  thus  discouraged,  and  he  devised 
a  furnace  for  the  use  of  anthracite  coal,  which,  in  opposi¬ 
tion  to  ther  opinion  of  the  foreign  workmen,  who  declined 
taking  the  responsibility,  he  had  constructed,  and  which, 


6 


without  the  flame  so  much  insisted  upon,  proved  to  be 
eminently  successful.  Several  tons  of  the  metal  were 
'  obtained  of  the  greatest  purity  and  of  almost  silvery  white¬ 
ness,  and  nothing  further  was  required  than  a  multiplica¬ 
tion  of  the  number  of  furnaces  and  retorts,  to  obtain  the 
metal  to  any  required  extent  and  at  a  moderate  price. 

At  this  period,  however,  which  was  in  the  summer  of 
1849,  large  supplies  of  zinc-metal  were  forced  upon  the 
market  from  abroad,  and  the  price  was  thereby  so  much 
depressed,  as  to  render  it  advisable  to  postpone  the  erec¬ 
tion  of  further  works  until  a  more  favorable  period.  In 
this  depression  at  the  time  referred  to,  iron  and  other 
metals  participated  with  zinc  ;  but  with  this  great  advan¬ 
tage  in  favor  of  iron,  that  it  had  a  protection  of  30  per 
cent,  in  the  foreign  duty,  while  zinc-metal  paid  no  more 
than  five  per  cent.;  and  this  distinction,  unfortunately 
for  the  interest  of  the  latter,  is  still  kept  up.  There  being 
inexhaustible  supplies  of  zinc  ores,  not  only  in  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  but  also  in  Pennsylvania,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Ten¬ 
nessee,  and  doubtless  in  other  portions  of  the  Union,  it  is 
difficult  to  conceive  why  a  policy  so  hostile  to  the  intro¬ 
duction  of  a  new  branch  of  enterprise  and  industry  should 
be  persevered  in. 

While  a  bar  was  thus  put  to  its  progress  (however 
thoughtless  or  inadvertent  this  policy  may  have  been  on 


7 


the  part  of  the  government)  a  knowledge  that  the  white 
oxide  of  zinc  had  been  successfully  introduced  as  a  pig¬ 
ment  into  France,  and  that  it  had  received  the  decided 
encouragement  and  patronage  of  the  French  government, 
was  first  communicated  to  this  country  in  the  years  1849- 
50,  and  at  once  attracted  the  attention  of  the  parties  who 
had  thus  far  been  experimenting  upon  the  production  of 
metallic  zinc. 

A  course  of  experiments  was  resolved  upon,  the  man¬ 
agement  of  which  devolved  upon  the  same  party,  by  whom 
the  most  economical  methods  of  manufacture  were  per- 
severingly  tried,  and  under  whose  auspices  the  crowning 
discovery  of  the  present  method  of  “catching”  the  vola¬ 
tile  vapors  of  the  white  oxide,  was  made  in  the  summer 
of  1850.  By  this  method  these  vapors  of  zinc  may  be  al¬ 
together  condensed  and  saved,  although  driven  by  the  im¬ 
petus  of  a  strong  blast;  and  its  importance  will  be  perceived 
in  a  succeeding  statement,  in  its  application  to  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  iron  from  the  Franklinite  ore,  which,  besides 
the  iron,  contains  a  large  portion  of  zinc.  The  reduction 
of  this  ore  into  iron  and  zinc  is  now  understood  in  all  its 
parts,  and  it  is  the  intention  of  the  Company  to  erect 
works  for  its  conversion  with  all  possible  despatch  and 
economy,  and  which,  it  is  believed,  cannot  fail  to  give 
ample  and  satisfactory  returns  to  those  who  may  now  be, 
or  shall  hereafter  become  interested  in  it. 


8 


In  the  conversion  of  the  Franklinite  ore  into  pig-iron, 
the  proportion  of  zinc  combined  with  it,  and  which  may 
*  be  altogether  saved  by  the  process  of  collection  or  of 
“catching,”  already  referred  to,  will  at  the  present  prices 
at  least  go  far  towards  defraying  the  entire  cost  of  manu¬ 
facture,  both  of  the  iron  and  of  the  zinc ;  and  from  the  al¬ 
most  unlimited  demand  for  zinc-paint,  great  steadiness  in 
its  price  hereafter  may  reasonably  be  counted  upon. 

Of  the  quality  of  the  iron  made  from  this  ore,  too  much 
cannot  be  spoken  ;  for  its  great  purity,  fibre,  and  tough¬ 
ness,  although  made  in  an  anthracite  blast  furnace,  ren¬ 
ders  it  superior  to  the  best  refined  charcoal  American  iron, 
and  entitles  it  to  rank  with  the  best  Danemora  and  other 
Swedish,  Russian,  and  Norway  irons.  From  its  admirable 
properties  it  has  up  to  the  present  time  readily  commanded 
$50  per  ton,  the  price  hereafter  named  in  the  estimate, 
and  at  which  contracts  could  now  be  made. 

With  a  view  to  the  erection  of  the  proposed  works  on 
the  most  advantageous  site,  the  directors  have  purchased 
20  acres  of  land  at  Philipsburg,  on  the  Delaware  River, 
nearly  opposite  to  Easton  and  to  the  mouth  of  the  Lehigh 
Canal,  which  situation,  by  means  of  the  canal  and  of  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  now  far  advanced  towards  its 
completion,  will  ensure  ample  supplies  of  coal  at  cheap 
rates  and  at  all  seasons.  This  road  will  cross  the  Dela- 


9 


ware  by  the  bridge  now  erecting  at  Easton,  and  by  a  short 
transit  of  one-third  of  a  mile  upon  the  Trenton  and  Belvi- 
dere  Railroad,  which  passes  through  the  Company’s  pro¬ 
perty,  will  deliver  coal  upon  the  spot.  The  Morris  Canal, 
which  enters  the  Delaware  near  this  point,  also  passes 
through  the  Company’s  property,  and  by  it  coal  from  the 
Lehigh  and  ore  from  the  Company’s  mines  will  be  deliv¬ 
ered  with  great  economy.  Easy  communication  with 
New  York  and  Philadelphia  will  also  be  obtained  both  by 
canal  and  railroad. 

It  might  be  deemed  invidious  to  institute  a  comparison 
between  the  advantages  possessed  by  this  and  other  com¬ 
panies  in  the  manufacture  of  iron,  but  justice  to  our  stock¬ 
holders  requires  that  this  matter  should  be  put  in  a  clear 
light. 

We  will  therefore  give  the  following  estimates  (taken 
from  published  data)  of  the  cost  of  making  pig-iron  in  the 
great  Lehigh  Valley  region  of  Pennsylvania,  and  also  upon 
the  banks  of  the  Hudson  River,  at  or  near  the  town  of 
that  name,  and  the  profits  upon  the  same,  and  then  con¬ 
trast  them  with  the  cost  and  profits  upon  an  equal  amount 
of  iron  made  at  Philipsburg,  from  the  Franklinite  ore. 


10 


Estimate  of  cost  of  iron  made  in  the  valley  of  the  Lehigh 


2  tons  of  coal  at  $3.00  per  ton . $6.00 

2  “  hematite  ore  at  $2.12^  per  ton .  4.25 

“  magnetic  ore  at  $3.75  “  .  1.25 

^  “  limestone  at  $1.00  “  .  75 

Labor  and  incidentals .  4.00 

Transportation  to  New  York .  2.62 

Commission  and  other  expenses,  5  per  cent .  94 


$19.81 

Estimate  of  cost  of  iron  made  upon  the  Hudson  River. 


2  tons  coal,  at  $4.25 . $8.50 

2  “  hematite  ore,  $2.35 .  4.70 

^  “  magnetic  ore,  $3.00 .  1.00 

^  “  limestone .  52 

Labor  and  incidentals .  4.00 

Freight  to  New  York .  50 

Commission  and  other  expenses .  96 


$20.18 

Estimate  of  cost  and  profit  upon  one  ton  pig-iron  from  Franklinite 
ore ,  at  Philipsburg ,  N.  /.,  deducting  value  of  the  oxides  of  zinc , 
incidentally  obtained  in  its  manufacture. 

3  tons  dust  and  pea  coal,  for  extracting  zinc, 

at  $1.40 . $4.20 

2-^  “  lump  coal,  for  furnace  and  steam  en¬ 
gine,  $4.00 . 10.00 

3  “  ore,  mined  and  carted  to  Woodsport  — 

9  miles — at  $3.00 .  9.00 

3  “  freight  and  toll  on  Morris  Canal,  $1.50  4.50 

3  “  labor,  handling,  crushing,  &c.,  50  cts. .  1.50 

1  “  limestone .  1.00 

Labor  at  zinc  furnaces  and  in  collecting-room.  10.00 
“  blast  furnaces  and  incidental .  4.00 


Carried  over 


$44.20 


11 


Brought  over .  $44.20 

0 

Proceeds. 

1  ton  pig-iron,  sells  for . . . $50.00 

^  “  zinc,  white,  sells  for  $120.00  per  ton.  60.00 
^  “  “  yellow,  “  90.00  “  .  22.50 


$132.50 

Deduct  for  freight  and  other  expenses  and 

contingencies,  say  25  per  cent .  33.13 

$99.37 

Profit  upon  Franklinite  iron  and  zinc .  $55.17 

Now,  supposing  that  a  business  of  2500  tons  only  of 
iron  be  accomplished  by  each  concern  per  annum,  and  that 
the  pig-iron  from  the  Lehigh  Valley,  and  from  the  works 
on  the  Hudson  River,  bring  the  somewhat  unusual  price 
of  $35  per  ton,  it  would  leave  a  net  profit  for  each  of 
these  two  concerns  of  about  $15  per  ton,  and  the  relative 
advantages  between  them  and  the  Franklinite  iron  would 
stand  about  as  follows — viz  : 

2500  tons  from  the  Lehigh  Valley  or  from  the 


Hudson  River,  at  $15.00  profit  per  ton . $37,500 

2500  tons  of  Franklinite  iron,  at  $55.17  profit 

per  ton . 137.925 


It  might  be  objected  that  the  extraction  of  the  zinc 
would  involve  the  employment  of  a  greater  amount  of 
labor  and  of  capital ;  but  an  ample  allowance  has  been 
made  for  the  former,  and  while  the  zinc  furnaces  are  of  a 


12 


simple  and  inexpensive  kind,  they  are  not  costly,  nor 
liable  to  get  out  of  order. 

A  highly  important  feature  of  the  operation  also  is,  that 
while  extracting  the  zinc,  the  iron  portion  of  the  ore  be¬ 
comes  so  far  advanced  towards  its  final  reduction,  as 
greatly  to  accelerate  its  after  conversion  into  pig-metal 
in  the  blast  furnace,  thereby  saving  the  expense  of  a  large 
portion  of  the  blast,  coal,  and  labor;  ensuring  a  much  more 
rapid  reduction,  and  consequently  requiring  a  blast  fur¬ 
nace  of  far  less  size,  and  of  a  less  expensive  character, 
to  convert  this  prepared  stock  into  pig-metal. 

It  is  estimated  that  with  economy  $70,000  will  be 
sufficient  to  erect  the  works  now  proposed,  and  leave  a 
considerable  surplus  for  contingencies,  and  that  if  this 
amount  be  promptly  subscribed,  the  works  may  be  put 
into  operation  during  the  present  year,  thereby  ensuring 
early  dividends.  A  considerable  amount  has  already  been 
subscribed,  and  further  information  may  be  obtained,  and 
subscriptions  received,  by  the  President  of  the  Company, 
S.  T.  Jones,  No.  24  William  St.,  or  by  the  Secretary, 
Chas.  J.  Gilbert,  Trinity  Buildings. 

New  York,  August  6,  1855. 


13 


The  following  are  a  few  among  many  other  reports  and 
certificates,  all  testifying  in  the  strongest  manner  as  to 
the  extraordinary  quality  of  the  iron  made  from  the 
Franklinite  ore,  and  also  as  to  the  valuable  properties  of 
zinc-paints. 

Worcester,  Feb.  10,  1853. 

Cyrus  Alger,  Esq. — 

Dear  Sir :  We  forward  you  with  this  a  piece  of  No.  32  wire,  manu¬ 
factured  from  the  Franklinite  iron.  This  iron  is  said  to  be  puddled 
iron,  which  is  almost  incredible.  That  such  a  process  of  manufacture 
can  produce  such  an  iron  is  wonderful.  Very  few  of  the  best  char¬ 
coal  refined  Norwegian  or  Swedish  irons  are  susceptible  of  being  re¬ 
duced  so  fine,  without  weakening  the  fibre  so  much  as  to  render  it 
worthless.  But  notwithstanding  the  rigid  test  to  which  this  has  been 
submitted,  it  still  retains  its  tenacity  and  strength  much  beyond  most 
of  the  best  American  charcoal  irons  which  we  have  ever  used ;  and, 
during  our  experience  of  over  twenty  years,  we  have  had  numerous 
samples  of  the  best  of  American  iron,  prepared  with  special  care,  sent 
us  for  trial.  This  iron  is  not  only  very  tough,  but  uniform,  and  works 
beautifully.  The  coil  shows  the  lustre  of  the  iron — nothing  can  ex¬ 
ceed  it.  The  ore  must  certainly  be  of  an  extraordinary  character. 

Yours,  very  truly, 

(Signed)  J.  WASHBURN  &  CO. 


New  York,  Feb.  12,  1853. 

Dear  Sir — 

We  have  used  some  of  the  iron  (Franklinite)  we  had  from  you,  and 
were  pleased  with  the  manner  in  which  it  worked,  which  proved  the 
iron  to  be  of  the  best  quality ;  and  we  would  like  you  to  furnish  us 
in  future. 

Respectfully,  yours,  &c., 

J.  A.  &  J.  D.  SECOR. 


14 


Novelty  Iron  Works,  ) 
New  York,  Feb.  22,  1853.  ) 

We  have  tried  some  Franklinite  iron  left  with  us,  and  find  it  very 
4  superior  in  strength,  toughness,  malleability,  and  other  desirable  qual¬ 
ities.  We  can  say  that  we  have  never  used  or  tried  a  better  iron. 

STILLMAN,  ALLEN  &  CO. 

Republique  Frangaise. 

ADMINISTRATION  DE  LA  MARINE. 

FORGES  NATIONALES  DE  LA  CHASSAUDE. 

Essay  of  a  bar  of  iron,  from  a  new  ore,  the  Franklinite,  from 
New  Jersey,  United  States. 

The  bar,  obtained  by  direct  treatment  of  the  ore  in  a 
Catalan  forge,  is  25  millimetres  by  24- 5  millimetres 


square,  and  presents  a  section  in  square  millimetres  of  612-50  m. 

Charge  under  which  the  bar  began  to  stretch .  15,000  k. 

Elastic  force,  per  millimetre .  24 -5  k. 

Charge  under  which  the  bar  broke .  25,000  k. 

Absolute  tenacity,  per  millimetre .  40-8  &. 

Elongation  of  the  bar  at  the  moment  of  fracture,  per 

millimetre .  5  m. 


Aspect  of  the  fracture  — all  nerve.  The  bar  was  imperfectly  welded, 
and  contained  fissures  which  diminished  the  real  surface  exposed  to 
traction  :  in  consequence,  the  absolute  tenacity ,  had  the  bar  been 
sound,  would  have  been  greater.  At  the  moment  of  rupture,  but 
little  heat  was  disengaged. 

Observations. — The  tensions  of  the  hydraulic  press  of  the  National 
Forges,  are  given  by  means  of  an  excellent  apparatus,  which  indicates 
the  results  with  the  greatest  precision.  An  immense  number  of  ex¬ 
periments  have  been  made  with  this  press,  not  only  upon  all  the  irons 
of  France,  but  upon  the  best  irons  of  England,  Sweden,  Spain,  and 


15 


Siberia :  never,  until  the  present  essay,  has  any  bar  been  tried  the 
absolute  tenacity  of  which  surpassed  40’  killogrammes  per  milli¬ 
metre. 

(Signed)  TH.  BORNET, 

Chef  des  Travaux  aux  Forges  Natianales  de  la  Chassaude 
Guerigny ,  1 2th  July,  1850. 


P.  S. — The  Franklinite  iron  tried  at  the  Forges,  works  and  welds 
to  perfection. 


(Signed)  T.  BORNET. 


Copy  of  analysis  of  the  yellow  oxide  of  zinc  obtained  from  the  blast 
furnace,  at  Franklin,  by  Doctor  Charles  T.  Jackson ,  of  Bostcm. 

“  I  have  completed  the  analysis  of  the  sample  of  Canary  oxide  of 
zinc,  and  find  it  to  consist  of 


Oxide  of  zinc . 98,82 

“  “  manganese .  -88 

Per-oxide  of  iron .  '30 


100 

“  It  is  obvious  that  the  oxides  of  iron  and  manganese  must  have 
been  carried  up  from  the  furnace  by  the  vaporized  zinc,  for  the  com¬ 
bination  is  quite  uniform  throughout  the  mass  of  the  oxide.  This  re¬ 
sult  is  one  arising  from  the  high  temperature  at  which  it  is  necessary 
to  work  the  smelting  furnace.  The  oxide  of  manganese  renders  the 
yellow  zinc-paint  a  rapid  dryer,  by  furnishing  oxygen  to  the  oil.” 


Sir — 


U.  S.  Navy  Yard,  Gosport,  { 
December  31,  1853.  j 


In  April  last  I  deposited  in  the  southern  branch  of  the  Elizabeth 
river,  opposite  this  yard,  a  great  number  of  blocks  of  wood,  on  all  of 
which  I  had  painted  three  coats  of  all  kinds  of  paint  extant.  Two 
or  three  kinds,  where  there  were  three  coats,  kept  the  sea-worm  (the 


16 


Teredo  of  naturalists)  from  being  brought  into  life  or  being  generated 

under  the  surface  of  the  wood.  In  more  than  twenty-five  experiments 

last  summer  with  white  zinc-paint,  in  no  case  has  the  marine- worm 

been  generated,  nor  has  there  been  the  smallest  sign  of  a  coral  de- 

•  .  • 

posit  where  the  wood  was  prepared  with  three  coats  of  white  zinc- 
paint.  On  all  other  paints  on  metallic  plates,  wood,  bark,  glass.  &c., 
coral  deposits,  such  as  the  oyster  and  common  barnacle,  have  grown 
during  the  summer  to  a  considerable  size. 


I  prepared  two  sheets  of  iron  about  eighteen  inches  square,  and  on 
two  sides  I  put  three  coats  of  white  zinc -paint ;  on  the  two  opposite 
I  put  three  coats  of  red  lead.  These  two  preparations  remained  in 
the  river  the  whole  summer.  Mark  this  !  the  white  zinc  is  as  clear 
of  any  sign  of  a  barnacle  as  ivlien  first  prepared.  On  the  side  of 
the  red  lead  are  many  barnacles. 

I  have  a  large  number  of  pieces  of  wood,  painted  with  all  kinds  of 
paints  : — the  white  zinc  is  superior  to  all.  These  pieces  are  in  open 
air,  and  have  been  upwards  of  two  years  exposed.  The  above  is  all 
the  knowledge  I  have  to  impart  at  present :  of  itself  it  is  important 
to  the  world,  aad  very  advantageous  to  the  zinc  company. 

(Signed)  JAMES  JARVIS, 

Inspector. 


